The Bank of Japan (BOJ) has surprised markets with its decision to raise interest rates.
The move, which defied market expectations for the BOJ to stay put on rates, takes its short-term policy rate to levels unseen since 2008.
The BOJ's board raised the rate target to 0.25% from 0-0.1% in a 7-2 vote.
It has also unveiled a detailed quantitative tightening plan, taking another landmark step towards phasing out a decade of massive stimulus.
The proposal would roughly halve monthly bond buying to 3 trillion yen, from the current 6 trillion yen, as of January-March 2026.
"Despite sluggish consumer spending, monetary officials sent a decisive signal by raising interest rates and allowing for a more gradual balance sheet reduction," Fred Neumann, chief Asia economist at HSBC, told Reuters.
"Rising inflation expectations also open the path for ongoing monetary policy normalisation by the BOJ. Barring major disruptions, the BOJ is on course to tighten further, with another interest hike by the start of next year," he said.
Additional reporting from Reuters